names of convicts sent to america names of convicts sent to america

Given any means of living when the indenture ended, many lived hand to mouth afterwards. The 1755 Census of Maryland reveals the distribution of transported convicts across the colony. In The History of Durham, N.H. several mini profiles of several of the Scot Prisoners have been recorded. After another indian attack in 1711 he sold the Garrison to the Macintire Family. Go to. Crimes that attracted banishment were ones against society, such as theft and deception. Biography Other records that we hold may help you find this information: consult our guides to criminals and convicts. Then they were advertised in newspapers and sold, with men priced at up to 20 British pounds and women up to 9 pounds. They are as follows: John Archbell John Banke Alexander Bravand Alexander Burgess John Clarke James Daniels ( Danielson) George Darling Malcolm Downing Alexander Dugles James Dunsmore Alexander Easton Alexander Ennis James Gourdan Peter Grant The National Archives holds records of many criminal trials and convictions as well as convict voyages, censuses and pardons and this guide explains how these are indexed and how they can be searched. Often, within the space of their own lifetime, they achieved freedom and respectability, though many remained tied to a form of serfdom which made them little different from bonded slaves. Alexander (Sander) Cooper settled near The Great Works with other Unity Scotsmen. Apendix II: List of Ships Carrying London, Middlesex and Home Countries Convicts to America 1716-1775. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. The country of origin, colonial distribution . For those entering indentured service voluntarily (not everyone did) the indenture was usually arranged through an agent. Convict servant John Williams used his rudimentary knowledge of military drill as a means of cover to escape capture. over the space of 150 years, Middlesex provided some 15,000 labourers for the American colonies by "due process of law" in the shape of convicted felons who were bonded by the Courts as plantation servants for periods ranging from seven years to life. Most male convicts were sold for between 10 and 14, while most women went for between 5 and 9. Although some returned to England once their servitude was over, many remained and began their new lives in the colonies. People who paid to transport others were required to report those transported, so the people transported are listed next to the persons name in the database. Daniel Livingston in 1694 was attacked by Indians. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649. it was there they ran a sawmill. Between 1615-1699, the English courts sent about 2,300 convicts to Virginia and Maryland, and 52,000 more prior to 1776. They arrived in Boston in December. You can find the entire family history of Duncan Stewart in Sprague Journal Maine History. Compiled from the British Home Office (HO) records. The English Courts between them may safely be reckoned as having been responsible from 1615 to 1775 for the provision of some 50,000 plantation servants who thus formed by far the largest identifiable class of colonial settlers throughout the period of British rule in the Americas. Payment for medical care and medicine as well as food was needed. The mayors of London and Liverpool regularly gathered up urchins from the streets of their cities to be sent to America and sold into indentured servitude. Once on the database page, select your search option and enter the information you know about your ancestor. When William Wilberforce and the reformers go to work to bring to notice the atrocities of the traffic in black slaves, the almost equally appalling activiites of the white slave traders were fading from memory - and the more closely regulated transportation schemes to Australia had yet to begin. In 1651, William Tingle hired four men for a period of three years, for which the company deducted 6 pence from every load of charcoal that Tingle produced. Biography Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence Search by facility name, state, region, type, and security level. In 1776 the US population was estimated at 2.5 million. Ships Passenger list for the John and Sara. A similar list for the second fleet, which left in 1789 and suffered 278 deaths during its voyage, is included in The Second Fleet Convicts, compiled and edited by R J Ryan. 294-297. JAMES TAYLOR/TAILOR, was born in Scotland, possibly about 163 Scottish Prisoners of War Society 1635) You can limit your search to one database, or search all of them. To help fix New France's gender imbalance, two men come up with an innovative idea: Jean Talon (Intendant of the colony) and King Louis XIV decide to import young women to the colony to marry male. You are wrong that the white indentured servants were treated well. In 1654 he married Ann Winchurst of Ipswich. Besides being uncomfortable and inconvenient, the trip was very expensive. The system was often abused and was sometimes used to force people into service. The site is not limited to records about Jamestown, however, it includes a lot of information about Virginia and its neighboring states as well. For example, in the court case previously mentioned, the defendants did not win their case because the contract between the master and the ships captain was found to be legal, even though the two young men had been forced into service. To access the database, go to Virtual Jamestown and search for indentured servants. Finding out more about a person transported to North America or the West Indies is likely to be difficult, though legal records can be useful. came to the country before the American Revolution. I know it looks funny but as we all know that's how they wrote things back then, "London This 11th of November , 1651; Captain Jojn Greene; "Wee whose names are under written frighters of your shipe the Joh and Sara doe order yow forthwith as winde & weather shall permitt to sett sajle for Boston in New England $ there deliver our Orders and Servants to Tho kemble of charles Towne to be disposed of by him according to orders wee have sent him in the behalfe & wee desire yow to Advise with the said Kemble about all that may be concerne that whole Intended bojage using you Jndeavo's with the said Kemble for the speediest lading your shipp from New Eng, to the barbadoes with porvisions $ such other things as are in N.E. Defoe compared the destructiveness of imprisonment with what he saw as the benefits of transportation. The solution was to develop new penal colonies in modern day Australia, and on 13 May 1787 the first fleet set sail. For some male convicts, their destination was Bermuda, 3,000 miles from home. In 1681 a surprise attact by Indians distroyed most of the dwellings.in the area. Because the jails were not intended for long-term incarceration, there was nothing in between. Heres hoping that you find this to be true for your indentured ancestors. Lookups of specific research books to find their offline locations can be found via. Although materials for studying individual female convicts are meager at best, a variety of questions can be answered by . However, letting them go could prove to be very dangerous. Steve Carlson article on The Saugus iron Works. The project pulls from numerous resources to provide a comprehensive record of many of those who came here by way of servitude, making this database a very valuable resource for genealogists. They were promised land after a period of servitude, but most worked unpaid for up to15 years with few ever owning any land. penal colony, distant or overseas settlement established for punishing criminals by forced labour and isolation from society. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In one well-known story, a Virginia woman named Sarah Harrison is recorded as refusing to go along with a crucial portion of the marriage ceremony. Patrick Donahue was a Fenian, fought in the American Civil War as a low-level member of the Army of the Potomac, took part in the invasion of Canada by the Fenians but never held the rank of. O n Dec. 12, 1719, a ship named "La Mutine," the Mutinous Woman, left the French port of Le Havre. Today is nowhere as near as large and a Historical Site. Remember indentured service was usually temporary, and many people led full, productive lives after the terms of their service ended. In the following years, many Scots who were were taken prisoners at the Battle of Worcester [England] were sent to Virginia, Massachusetts, and Maine aboard the John and Sara. In 1791, the first shipload of convicts left Cork harbour for New South Wales, following the so-called 'First Fleet . Chapter V: The 'Seven Year Passengers' Cross the Alantic. The youngest criminal was a 9-year-old boy who had stolen some clothes and a pistol. The number of extant records is formidable. The soul-drivers chained the convicts together and herded them inland to the backcountry like oxen or sheep. Shelter is thought to be provided only for the sick. From the early 1600s until 1776, most transported convicts were sent to British colonies in North America. Disease was rampant. November 11Th, the Council issued sailing orders to the Unity. The state's Department of Public Safety had unknowingly sent an estimated 3,000 driver's licenses to an organized crime group that targeted Asians in the state, DPS director Steve McCraw told a . From May 1718 to the outbreak of the American War of Independence in 1775, over 70 per cent of those who were found guilty at the Old Bailey were sentenced to be transported, compared with less than one per cent in the period from 1700 to March 1718. The transportation agents performed a useful service. Price and Associates is a professional genealogy firm in Salt Lake City, Utah. Convicts who had been sold into indentured servitude, and who were making good in their new lives, were sometimes politely referred to as "servants" to avoid stigma. James Taylor (b c 1630 - d 27 October 1703) from the Scottish Prisoners of War Society From 1788-89, the new colony accumulated expenses of over 250,000 pounds,. Napoleon III established the penal colony in 1854, and some 80,000 French convictscriminals, spies and political prisonerswould be sent there before it officially closed in 1938. They are as follows: Aside from the Scot prisoners, there were other Scots, who also arrived on The Unity. Mackanur died in 1670. You dont have to be a Mayflower descendant to have a fascinating colonial past. Appendix VI: Specimen Eithteenth Century Transportation Bond. June 3, 1675 Henry Brown and James Orr , Scotchmen, residents of Wells bought 200 acres from Henry Sayward, at Moresome. Few colonizing powers, however, can have relied as heavilyi and consistently on the wholesale deportation of their prison population as did England throughout two and a half centuries of imperial expansion. For example, a search of the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA)using the keywords indentured servants yields 1590 search results, many viewable online. Mack Farson Rob't ( Mc Fearson , Mc Phearson), Mac Forsen John ( Mc Forsen, Mc Phearson), Mackhane Rob't ( McHaine,Ma hane, Mc Hane), Mack Hatherne patricke ( Mc Catherty, Mc Catherine), Mack Hele Alester ( Mc Kaeil, Mc Kail, Mc Hael, Mic Hael), Mackhell James ( Mc Heil, McKail, McHael , MicHael), Machellin Dan ( Mc kellen, Mac kellen ), Mac Kannell Wm ( Mac Connell, Mc connell), Mackhene Alester ( Mc Kenny, Mac Kenney), Mackholme John ( Mcholm, Macholm. An estimate is that about 20% of present day Australians have a convict ancestor, higher in Tasmania. Maxwell received 30 lashes on his bare skin "for exobitant and abusive carage toward the master and his wife." 61 of the men did make it to the iron Works. John Paul Other Resources for Researching Indentured Servant Ancestors. The project pulls from numerous resources to provide a comprehensive record of many of those who came here by way of servitude, making this database a very valuable resource for genealogists. Lissen then welcomed two other Scots into the family. He was captured at The Battle of Worchester. It's corect. In 1662, Brown and Orr of Sacco Falls belonging to Winter Harbor, for himself and Henry Brown. He willed all his land and marshes to be used as the site for Scotish Church. Davar Ardalan, NPR News Here are 10 common crimes that entailed the sentence of transportation. Sarah later moved north while still acting the part of a princess. Then, click on the search result titled Virtual Jamestown Indentured Servants. Not allowed to marry fornication was punishable by additional years of indenture. Some of these resources can be accessed online, while others reference physical texts. John Bean wound up in the Exeter sawmill. Any cookies that may not be necessary for the website to function and are used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads and other embedded contents. The term of an indenture was typically 4 to 7 years, after which time the servant was given the freedom to manage his or her own affairs.Some were even granted land and money. This searchable database contains records of about 15,000 indentured servants who traveled from Bristol, Middlesex, and London, England to the mid-Atlantic colonies and the West Indies. Many more records survive from this period but, as few are indexed by name, finding an individual can still be difficult. For others, it was a way to settle debts that they could not pay or as a sentence for criminal behavior even minor offences. The following is exactly how I found it recorded so nothing is misspelled. [14] History [ edit] Penal settlements [ edit] New South Wales [ edit] Indentured servants were people who came to America under a work contract, called an indenture. In addition, the scarcityof distinct record sets for convicts decreases the odds ofAmericans knowing abouttheir British convict ancestors. Mac Tentha ), MackTomas Glester ( Mac Thomas , Mac Thomas ), Mack Williams Gellust ( Mc Williams , Williams ), Monrow Hugh ( 'Monroe, Munroe, Munrow}, Monrow John ( Monroe, Munroe, Munrow ), ' Monrow Robe't ( Monroe, Munroe, Munrow ). Janet Meydamis a freelance writer who has over 40 years of experience in genealogy as a hobby. . Simply go to Google Playand search the title. Ninety percent of them stayed in Maryland and Virginia. This free, searchable database was compiled from two texts, Supplement to the Early Settlers of Maryland. ], they lived in Oyster River. No other reason is necessary to justify an attempt to identify these pioneers, beginning with this comprehensive listing of Middlesex prisoners sentenced to transportation throughout the period in which this odious traffic was conducted. Harsh as it was for them, the alternative was worse!, Between 50,000 and 120,000 British convicts were transported to America, a fact that makes many Americans incredulous, says Railton. They had three sons, one of which was Joseph who was a soldier at Crown Point in 1726. Cooper's daughter Sarah married George Grey, another Scotsman. Her knowledge includes researching many different records from the United States, Germany, and Poland. 1671 he had a grant of upland, at York Bridge. Also included arearticles about the history of indentured servitude, laws regulating the practice, records of runaway servants, and a few scans of original indentures. Sometimes converted from slave-trading ships, the 100-plus transport vessels carried up to 300 convicts, in appalling conditions. Only a limited amount of information is shown here, but the results go on to cite the court case. or result in whipping. The list also details where each person was tried. The prisons soon became overcrowded and extra accommodation had to be provided in derelict ships (or hulks) moored in coastal waters. William Furbush and Daniel Fergison bought land together in what is now Elliot, Maine. Between the march and lack of food, many died along the way. Note: Duncan Stewart was born in the highlands of Scotland about 1623. Convicts were often bought by poorer planters who could not afford to buy slaves. 1817-1829 : Indexes of Tasmanian Convicts (Tasmania GenWeb) - inculdes several passenger lists 1817-1829. In 1768 Sarah was sentenced to be transported. 1788: January 26; eleven ships of the First Fleet under the command of Captain Arthur Philip in his flagship Sirius arrive with a cargo of 736 British convicts, 548 male and 188 female, who are unloaded at the harbor of Port Jackson, Botany Bay in New South Wales, the location where Magwitch of "Great Expectations," served his time. He was evedently well reguarded by its owner and selectman Nichilas Lissen, as he married Lissen's daughter Hannah after being there only two years. They are as follows: All the prisoners were freed by 1656 or 1657. They planned to sell each man for between 20 and 30 pounds, which would have made them a considerable profit, since they only paid five pounds for each man. With that authority Hasslrigge sent forty men to work as indentures servants at the salt works at Shields. Moll Flanders, published in 1722, was a piece of propaganda supporting transportations supposed redemptive powers. While there is no single index of the names of people transported to Australia, various lists of names exist, both in published books and among our records. Until 1782, English convicts were transported to America. Sarah was a real life Moll Flanders who created a remarkable series of different lives for herself on both sides of the Atlantic. Sometimes converted from slave-trading ships, the 100-plus transport vessels carried up to 300 convicts, in appalling conditions. The men worked long hours, 12-hour shifts. Few records of these individuals survive, though legal records from this period may contain useful information. How do I get rid of the documents/etc that are superimposed over the text? The names of Stewards and Servants sent b y John Mason, Esq., into this province of New Hampshire. A court case heard in the Salem Quarterly Court on 25 June 1661 documents an instance of people who were kidnapped and sold into indentured service. Involuntary servitude, along with slavery in the United States, was banned as a part of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865. Although some returned to. Their male counterparts mainlyworked onthe plantations or did other manual labor. Most of the early convicts sent to Australia were men, but in later years the British . They sold the convicts singly or in groups as they passed each settlement. The search results will give you references to that surname by page number but will not show you the actual page. London, 1656-1775. Thats all. For example, the book New York City Court Records, 1684-1760 by Kenneth Scott (1982) is still protected by copyright, but the index can be searched by typing in a surname. While some saw transportation as a severe punishment by exiling convicts to seven or fourteen years of slavery, others regarded transportation as offering rehabilitation to the convicts by giving them the opportunity of making a new life in a new country away from the temptations of their old haunts. They were as follows: A few years later, a small group of Scots were brought to Scotland, Maine. Transportation to New South Wales was the solution. The agent would make agreements with employers who were willing to provide work for servants and would pay passage for the servants to travel to America (plus the agents fee, of course). This memoir eventually became so popular that it kept being printed for over a century, into the late 1700s. (Steve is a fellow member of the Saugus Historical Soc. They were still there in 1659. Approximately 15 Scots worked there. History. In 1711. were the Grant brothers, Peter and James. Again he was fined in Maine for selling liquor to Indians and getting them drunk. These men were captured at the battle of Worcester. Search criminal registers for England and Wales (HO 26 and HO 27), 1791 to 1892, on Ancestry.co.uk (). Under the Headrights Act, each person transportee was to have the 50 acres, awarded to the person transporting that person, and held until the end of the indenture. Gilburri (1814-1902), Irish Fenian, transported to New South Wales in 1838 for desertion. Pointers to a person being a convict may include: the words 'with the permission of the Governor' on a marriage certificate the name of your ancestor in a convict muster the name of a ship and year after the person's name, in a document noted as a convict in a census or other official document, such as Colonial Secretary's Correspondence. There were 150 Scots who were were sent to New England on The Unity and arrived at Lynn, Ma. Appendix III: Benjamin Franklin Has His Say. He was taken with other prisoners to the American Colonies. Cyndis List does index some of these for specific localities. These can be useful in researching transported convicts. In many cases convicts appealed to be pardoned or to have their sentences reduced, while transportation itself was often used as a reduced sentence for a convict who might otherwise have been executed. Or they were hanged. The Untold Lives of British Convicts Sold to America, The world's largest online family history resource - Start now, U. S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index,1500s-1900s, All, Gloucestershire, England, Prison Records,1728-1914, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Runaway Servants, Convicts, and Apprentices, 1728-1796, 6 Unusual Last Names You Wont Believe Exist, The Experience of an Ancestral Home Visit, Discovering African American Heroes in My Family Tree. Note: Some of the Scotmans were at Block Island after being freeded. They can include information aimed at establishing the convicts good character and proving them worthy of merciful treatment, often including details of their personal circumstances and family background. The use of indentured servants was the most common in the Middle Atlantic colonies, ranging from New Jersey down to Virginia. Transportation from England to America started in 1615 and officially lasted until 1775 when the American War of Independence meant that this destination became unusable and convicts were sent instead to Australia and other colonies. Servants could be physically punished, could not marry without permission from their masters, and did not have rights in court. Ages varied wildly; one girl was aged nine and four boys were 10 years old. Sentences of transportation were still passed, with convicts held in prison while the government considered alternative destinations. research. On September 16Th, the secretary,Gualter Frost, was ordered to confer with the petitioners, to terms under which they would undertake the project. When they reached their destination, they happened upon a field of cabbage.They ate all of it, which of course made them even sicker than they already were. In 1667 a seat was assigned for him at the Amsbury Church. In about 1676 he administered the estate of John Barry and he lived on that same land in Kittery. A list of men and women transported to North America between 1614 and 1775 is included in The Complete Book of Emigrants in Bondage 1614-1775 by Peter Wilson Coldham. On May 13, 1787, a group of over 1,400 people in 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth, England. This means that there are nearly 5 mill. John Barber Jr, son of above John Barber, married Ann Smart, daughter of Robert Smart, in 1696 They lived at Hilton's MIlls Grant In 1725 he had a land grant of 69 acres.