nervous tissue histology ppt nervous tissue histology ppt

Look at the margins of the ventricle at higher magnification and note that it is entirely lined by ependymal cells. Ana 211 (Histology of Nervous tissue).pptx sunday godwin obaje Read Now Download Free PDF Related Papers Cancer Registry Report 2000 2002 Robina Greaves Download Free PDF View PDF Identification of OTX2 as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-Trans Retinoic Acid Timothy Parrett Download Free PDF View PDF Work for the lab This website is a great way to view the tissues. Neuronal processes form connections (synapses) with each other and with other cell types, in order to exchange electrical signals. In addition to the dorsal and ventral horns, two structures especially obvious in the thoracic cord are the dorsal nucleus of Clarke and the lateral extension of the ventral horn. They are responsible for the computation and . Body tissues are collections of cells, grouped in the body according to structure and function. Axon diameters can be as small as 1 to 20 micrometers. It is categorised as skeletal, cardiac or smooth. 2. The alimentary canal is a tube extending from the mouth to the anus that serves as a channel for food and water to be digested, their nutrients absorbed and indigestible portions excreted. While this barrier protects the CNS from exposure to toxic or pathogenic substances, it also keeps out the cells that could protect the brain and spinal cord from disease and damage. Myelin is a fatty substance that makes the axon appear white. 1:00 - 1:50 Nervous Tissue ppt | pdf | lecture recording (for both hours) 2:05 - 2:55 Connective Tissue ppt | pdf. First, their dendrites are receiving sensory information, sometimes directly from the stimulus itself. Reviewer: The axons of pyramidal cells will descend through the interior white matter of the cerebrum into the three parts of the brainstem: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. Histology of nervous tissue1 Kifayat Khan 855 views 26 slides Nervous tissue2k1 Hatesh Mahtani 4.8k views 109 slides General histology || Nervous tissue Ali Nasser 457 views 8 slides Nervous tissue i kohlschuetter 3.3k views 25 slides Nervous tissue 1 aiyub medicine 4.3k views 90 slides Introduction to Neuropathology Cassie Porebski The lipids are essentially the phospholipids of the glial cell membrane. Why are perikarya of dorsal horn neurons smaller than those in the ventral horn? Astrocytes in the CNS provide metabolic support for neurons and play an important role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier (see slide 13270 astrocytes View Virtual Slide). How. In the above image, we can observe only the relatively large, triangular-shaped cell bodies of the pyramidal cells with clearly visible nuclei, parts of the dendrites, and the beginnings of axons. Also note these columnar cells lining the ventricles of the brain. Slide 66a View Virtual Slide shows a section of thoracic spinal cord. Your donation will enable us to update all existingSecondLook resources and to transform them into completely free Progressive Web Applications (PWA), including theSecondLookHistology apps. The function of myelin will be discussed below. Ross, H. M, Pawlina, W. (2011). Neuroglia. Unipolar cells are exclusively sensory neurons and have two unique characteristics. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. Click on the white box with the question mark on it 4. Fetal tissues are classified into two types: mesenchyme and mucoid (mucous) connective tissue. The neuron shown is a multipolar neurons. It is named after the anatomist who discovered it (Jan Evangilista Purkinje, 17871869). The epithelial lining of the uterine tube and uterus play important roles in the transportation and implantation of a fertilized ovum (zygote). The Neuron Special property of irritability & conductivity Nerve cells are capable of receiving the . Germinal (spermatogenic) epithelium, with spermatogenic cells and nurse (sertoli) cells, forms the convoluted tubules, while small circular interstitial (Leydig) cells are found in the connective tissue between the tubules. DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. The spleen on the other hand, filters blood. If you were to look at some bones on a skeleton, youd see a greyish rigid mass with some bumps and depressions. Pancreatic serous acini secrete digestive enzymes which break down fat, carbohydrates and proteins. The name suggests that it has no axon (an- = without), but this is not accurate. Tissuesare classified into four basic types: epithelium, connective tissue (includes cartilage, bone and blood), muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial cells form two important histological structures within the brain; the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus. The neuronal type is found throughout the entire human nervous system except in dorsal root/sensory ganglia. It relays sensory input to cerebellar cortex. within limits that maintain life. The layers of the blood-air barrier comprise of type I pneumocytes, basement membrane and endothelial cells of the capillaries. Blotting technique is a method of localizing and quantifying proteins, DNA and RNA. Organelles can be membranous (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum) or non-membranous (ribosomes, nucleolus, centrioles). The primary purpose of this article is to evaluate the histology of peripheral nervous tissue. Also found in CNS tissue is the oligodendrocyte, sometimes called just oligo, which is the glial cell type that insulates axons in the CNS. The projections connect at the dendrites and are so extensive that they give the microglial cell a fuzzy appearance. The branch of medical science that deals with the. Therefore, the purkinje cell somewhat resembles a shrub or coral in shape. The nucleus is considered to be the brain of the cell. The spinal cord contains a butterfly-shaped area of grey matter surrounded by an outer layer of white matter. Nervous tissue consists of two cells: nerve cells or neurons and glial cells, which helps transmit nerve impulses and also provides nutrients to neurons. Histology - study of tissues Tissue - a collection of similar cells that group together to perform a specialized function. The outer cerebellar cortex, shown in Figure 8, is tightly folded and has three distinct layers: Purkinje cells are typically arranged in a single row between the exterior molecular and interior granular layers. All Rights Reserved. Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g., motor neurons in the spinal cord or sensory input to the brain), so they have much smaller overall volume and therefore much less metabolic demand compared to motor neurons which project to target muscles that may be more than a meter away. However, the endothelial cells maintain these junctions in response to signals (via foot processes) from ASTROCYTES. The other major glial cell type you should know about are microglia which are small cells derived from blood monocytes. Neurons (Nerve cell bodies) 5 6 5. nervous tissue is derived from embryonic neuroectoderm The nervous system is divided anatomically into: Central Nervous System (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. The cerebellum consists of an outer cortex of grey matter covering an inner area of white matter, which itself surrounds a deeper layer of grey matter (called the cerebellar nuclei). The delicate meshwork of dendritic processes and nerve fibers (axons) lying between cells in the gray matter is called the neuropil. Cerebral cortex 3. Then, get ready to test your knowledge! White matter consists of myelinated axons. The medial surface of the section is the posterior portion of the thalamus and a small portion of the cerebral peduncle. This accounts for the name, based on their appearance under the microscope. They provide support, performing similar functions in the periphery as astrocytes do in the CNSexcept, of course, for establishing the BBB.The second type of glial cell is the Schwann cell, which insulate axons with myelin in the periphery. Tissues. Schwann cells are different than oligodendrocytes, in that a Schwann cell wraps around a portion of only one axon segment and no others. Lymph nodes are distributed along lymphatic vessels, filtering lymph as it passes through. Nonetheless, it is loosely stratified into layers containing scattered nuclei of both neurons and glial cells. Histologically, although there are a few exceptions, endocrine cells generally have an epithelial origin. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. Recall thatSchwann cells are the glial cells responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Nervous tissue contains two basic categories of cells: neurons and support cells (glia). Below the dermis, a layer of subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is found. This traps and removes any inhaled dust, bacteria or foregn substances. The edges of this loose enclosure extend toward each other, and one end tucks under the other. And research may find much more about them in the future. I love Histology! Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. 3. Bipolar cells have two processes, which extend from each end of the cell body, opposite to each other. It is permeable to oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases, allowing for the occurrence of gas exchange. This method is based on the ability of single stranded DNA or RNA to merge with a complementary strand and build a hybrid which is then detected due to the label. Review the organization of gray and white matter in cerebral cortex vs. spinal cord. Each gap is called a node of Ranvier and is important to the way that electrical signals travel down the axon. Primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thymus) produce lymphocytes (B and T cells) while secondary lymphoid organs (diffuse lymphoid tissues, lymphatic nodules, lymph nodes and spleen) help to rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted material. Download Presentation Histology of Nervous Tissue An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. This coronal section includes the hippocampus (hippocampus = sea horse), dentate gyrus, and adjacent temporal lobe gyrus (entorhinal cortex). celiac, aorticorenal, and superior/inferior mesenteric ganglia). The tissues of the nervous system can also be divided into grey matter and white matter. These sections are then mounted on a glass slide, using a mounting medium as an adhesive. Friday, August 26 Histology of Nervous Tissue Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of Expert Help Name this exception. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. Mesenchymal cells are undifferentiated cells, which means they are capable of differentiating into any type of connective tissue cells (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes etc.). Here, the tissue of interest is immersed in a fixative solution. Ongoing research into these cells, although not entirely conclusive, suggests that they may originate as white blood cells, called macrophages, that become part of the CNS during early development. Wheater's Nervous tissues and Central nervous system, Ross and Pawlina (6th ed), Chapter 12 Nerve Tissue, Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a, Michigan Histology and Virtual Microscopy Learning Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. Grey matter is composed mainly of unmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites, and appears grey in color. This ground substance, also referred to as Wharthons jelly, provides insulation and protection to the blood vessels of the umbilical cord. Examine the gray matter on each side of the sulcus using first low and then high power. White mater 4. Neurons. Correct answer 2. The blood-brain barrier is a physiological barrier that keeps many substances that circulate in the rest of the body from getting into the central nervous system, restricting what can cross from circulating blood into the CNS. Like the spleen and lymph nodes, the immune cells in this tissue can mount an immune response against foreign invading material. thyroid, ovaries, suprarenal) and individual hormone-secreting cells found in many organs of the body (e.g. When viewing the microscopic anatomy of the ovary, we can see that it consists of a surface germinal epithelium (capsule), ovarian follicles (cortex) and connective tissue (capsule, cortex medulla). Pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex act as upper motor neurons, which then synapse with the lower motor neurons that are in direct contact with muscles to initiate contraction. The dendrites are projections that branch many times, forming small, tree-shaped structures protruding from the cell body that provide locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body. The ventral spinal cord. The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium mostly made out of keratinocytes. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. All cells of the human body are eukaryotic, meaning that they are organized into two parts: nucleus and cytoplasm. The delicate meshwork of dendritic processes and nerve fibers (axons) lying between cells in the gray matter is called the neuropil. Review the organization of the spinal cord using your atlas. Nervous tissue contains two categories of cellsneurons and neuroglia. Glial cells, or neuroglia or simply glia, are the other type of cell found in nervous tissue. Pyramidal cells and olfactory cells are two other examples of neurons named for these classifications which will be discussed later. Tissues are routinely visualised using microscopy. Human anatomy is pretty straightforward. Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of . Nervous tissue is made of cells (neurons and glial cells) and extracellular matrix. Using slide 77, determine that the cerebellar cortex is organized into an outer molecular layer slide 077 View Image containing basket and stellate cells (not distinguishable by routine light microscopy) as well as axons of granule cells found in the deeper, highly cellular granule layer slide 077 View Image. Histology. The respiratory system consists of the lungs and a series of passageways (nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea and bronchi) that connect alveoli to the external environment. Gray matter is mostly made of neuronal bodies, dendrites and glial cells whereas white matter is made primarily out of myelinated axons. The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and its associated organs (tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). Multiple muscle cells are bound by connective tissue into fascicles, and multiple fascicles join to form a muscle belly. The glomerulus contains some interesting cells, such as mesangial cells which have supportive and phagocytic properties; juxtaglomerular cells that secrete renin which acts, in a broad sense, to help regulate our blood pressure; podocytes that control the permeability of the filtration membrane; and many more. All of this is surrounded by three connective tissue membranes (meninges): dura, arachnoid and the pia mater. Hair follicles are invaginations of the epidermis that contain rapidly proliferating and keratinizing cells responsible for the production and growth of hair. Under light microscopy, skeletal and cardiac muscles appear striated due to the parallel arrangement of their contractile filaments into repeating units called sarcomeres. The CNS consists of nervous tissue that is protected within bony structures the brain within the cranium and the spinal cord within the vertebral column. Be able to identify tissues in the nervous system (nerves, cell bodies and ganglia, and white vs. gray matter in the spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebrum). Together this gives us the various types of epithelial tissues, such as simple squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium and many more. This nerve was additionally stained with osmium and the membranes of myelin are visible as dark rings. Histology of the Nervous System Description: Histology of the Nervous System X-Section of Brain Tissue 4 1 2 3 1. Neurons are the basic functional units of nervous tissue. Two large nerve tracts typically leave the top of the cell body but immediately branch many times to form a large web of nerve fibers. A single axon (often called a nerve fiber) leaves the perikaryon and transmits neural signals to other neurons or to the effectororgan (e.g., skeletal muscles) via synapses. Onecommonly used technique is Western blot, in which proteins are separated from one another based on molecular weight using gel electrophoresis. Spleen and lymph node histology shows an encapsulated meshwork of fibres, in which immune system cells sit. It consists of a few cells and an abundance of extracellular matrix. During development, the glial cell is loosely or incompletely wrapped around the axon (Figure 6). Copyright How about the fact that some cardiomyocytes have the ability to secrete hormones that regulate blood pressure? Slide NP004N hippocampal region coronal section luxol blue View Virtual Slide [orientation]. Slides include types of epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue and is ideal for an anatomy and physiology course. Correct answer 4. Lastly, the specimen is stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. They are responsible for the electrical signals that communicate information about sensations, and that produce movements in response to those stimuli, along with inducing thought processes within the brain. The name glia comes from the Greek word that means glue, and was coined by the German pathologist Rudolph Virchow, who wrote in 1856: This connective substance, which is in the brain, the spinal cord, and the special sense nerves, is a kind of glue (neuroglia) in which the nervous elements are planted. Today, research into nervous tissue has shown that there are many deeper roles that these cells play. Nerve tissue consists of 2 principal types of cells: neurons and supporting cells. Because of the difficulty of discerning each glial cell type by routine light microscopy, you will not be required to identify glial cells in HE-stained sections by light microscopy, but you should be aware of their functions. The glial cell is wrapped around the axon several times with little to no cytoplasm between the glial cell layers. Lining ventricles of the brain, creating CSF. In situ hybridisation is a method of localizing and quantifying DNA or RNA sequences. Additional sub-classifications are possible, based on the cell specializations. The accessory genital glands include the prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands. In general, the brain is composed of an exterior layer of grey matter covering internal areas of white matter, with another internal layer of grey matter in the deepest part of the brain (called the basal nuclei). The inner edge wraps around the axon, creating several layers, and the other edge closes around the outside so that the axon is completely enclosed.Myelin sheaths can extend for one or two millimeters, depending on the diameter of the axon.