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Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis.
GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u Moreover, when Henry executed Anne Boleyn in 1536, Henry VIII himself declared Elizabeth illegitimate (although this situation was later reversed). The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588.
Foreign Affairs / Overview of Elizabeth I / Historical Association Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with.
how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. Roman Catholics . To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. Medina Sidonia decided to retreat back to Spain and call off the attack on England. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. Boston House, Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk.
What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers he could also overthrow her. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). Therefore, I disagree with the statement. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. First English colony in Virginia established. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888.
Elizabeth mock: "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main - Quizlet They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying?
England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. West Yorkshire, France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. Company Reg no: 04489574. Why religious compromise was so difficult. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes.
God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat.
Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. Continue with Recommended Cookies. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. Spain and France were the major European powers. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! They began to revolt against the Spanish. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. (*fragmentary*). Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students.
Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. Register for free, Home /
Overview of Elizabeth I / The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter.
PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. Become a Member |
[A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon.
Elizabeth I | Biography, Facts, Mother, & Death | Britannica Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she .
The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border.
The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. LS23 6AD Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security .
Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. Use your outline To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The use of fireships by the British exposed this weakness. VAT reg no 816865400. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce.
CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet 214 High Street, Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. Student /
She was a Protestant. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. They were not able to do this because the English used their greater manoeuvrability to stay out of range while firing broadsides (massive barrages of cannonballs) that could sink the Spanish ships. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found.